With reference to Indian elephants, consider the following statements : 1. The leader of an elephant group is a female. 2. The maximum gestation period can be 22 months. 3. An elephant can normally go on calving till the age of 40 years only. 4. Among the States in India, the highest elephant population is in Kerala. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Statement 1 is correct. Indian elephant groups typically exhibit a matriarchal social structure. The herd is led by the oldest and often largest female, known as the matriarch. 2. Statement 2 is correct. Elephants have one of the longest gestation periods of any mammal. The maximum gestation period for Indian elephants can indeed extend up to 22 months. 3. Statement 3 is incorrect. Female elephants can continue calving (giving birth) well beyond the age of 40 years. They typically remain fertile into their 50s. 4. Statement 4 is incorrect. According to elephant population estimates around 2017-2020, Karnataka had the highest elephant population among the States in India, followed by Assam and then Kerala. 5. Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.