GS PrelimsEnvironmentBiodiversity2021

Consider the following statements : 1. Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree. 2. Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia. 3. In India, most of the tamarind is collected as minor forest produce. 4. India exports tamarind and seeds of moringa. 5. Seeds of moringa and tamarind can be used in the production of biofuels. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A

1, 2, 4 and 5

B

3, 4 and 5

C

1, 3 and 4

D

1, 2, 3 and 5

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation

1. Statement 1 is incorrect. Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) belongs to the Moringaceae family, not the leguminous (Fabaceae) family. It is also typically deciduous in regions with a pronounced dry season, though it can be evergreen in constantly humid climates. 2. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Tamarind tree (Tamarindus indica) is widely believed to be native to tropical Africa, not endemic to South Asia, although it has been cultivated in South Asia for a very long time. 3. Statement 3 is correct. In India, tamarind pods are extensively collected from forests and trees outside forests, and it is classified as a minor forest produce (MFP) in many states and under central government schemes. 4. Statement 4 is correct. India is a significant producer and exporter of tamarind products (like pulp). It also exports moringa products, including seeds, oil, and powder. 5. Statement 5 is correct. The seeds of moringa are rich in oil, which can be used for the production of biofuels (biodiesel). Tamarind seeds also contain oil and biomass that have been explored for biofuel production. Therefore, statements 3, 4, and 5 are correct.

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