1. The question asks who invented Lasers (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).
2. While the theoretical foundations were laid by scientists like Albert Einstein, the first working laser was built by Theodore Maiman at Hughes Research Laboratories in 1960. His laser used a synthetic ruby crystal.
3. Denis Papin invented the steam digester (pressure cooker). William Morton was a pioneer in anesthesia. Francis Crick co-discovered the structure of DNA.