GS PrelimsGeography (Physical)Hydrological Cycle2013

On the planet earth, most of the freshwater exists as ice caps and glaciers. Out of the remaining freshwater, the largest proportion

A

is found in atmosphere as moisture and clouds

B

is found in freshwater lakes and rivers

C

exists as groundwater

D

exists as soil moisture

Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation

1. The vast majority of Earth's water is saline (oceans). Only about 2.5-3% is freshwater. 2. Of this total freshwater, the largest portion (around 68-69%) is locked up in ice caps and glaciers. 3. The question asks about the distribution of the *remaining* freshwater (about 31-32% of the total freshwater). 4. Of this remaining liquid freshwater, the overwhelming majority exists as groundwater (accounting for roughly 30% of all freshwater, or over 95% of the unfrozen freshwater). 5. Surface freshwater (like lakes and rivers) constitutes a much smaller fraction (less than 1% of total freshwater). 6. Water in the atmosphere (as moisture and clouds) and soil moisture represent even smaller proportions of the total freshwater budget. 7. Therefore, out of the remaining freshwater after accounting for ice caps and glaciers, groundwater exists in the largest proportion.

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