GS PrelimsGeography (Physical)Ocean Currents2002

Consider the following statements: 1. Ocean currents are the slow surface movement of water in the ocean. 2. Ocean currents assist in maintaining the Earth's heat balance. 3. Ocean currents are set in motion primarily by prevailing winds. 4. Ocean currents are affected by the configuration of the ocean. Which of these statements are correct?

A

1 and 2

B

2, 3 and 4

C

1, 3 and 4

D

1, 2, 3 and 4

Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation

1. Statement 1 is generally correct, although some ocean currents can be relatively fast, 'slow surface movement' captures the general nature of large-scale currents compared to waves or tides. They involve the continuous, directed movement of seawater. 2. Statement 2 is correct. Ocean currents play a vital role in redistributing heat from the equator towards the poles, thus helping to maintain the Earth's heat balance and influencing regional climates. 3. Statement 3 is correct. While other factors like density differences (thermohaline circulation) drive deep ocean currents, surface currents are primarily set in motion by prevailing winds dragging the surface water. 4. Statement 4 is correct. The path and speed of ocean currents are affected by the configuration of the ocean basins, coastlines, and underwater topography (like mid-ocean ridges), which deflect or channel the flow. 5. Since all four statements are essentially correct descriptions of aspects of ocean currents, the answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4.

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