By a regulation in 1793, the District Collector was deprived of his judicial powers and made the collecting agent only. What was the reason for such regulation?

1. The question asks for the reason for the regulation in 1793 that separated the District Collector's revenue collection duties from his judicial powers. 2. This separation was part of the Cornwallis Code of 1793. 3. Option A: While efficiency was a consideration, it wasn't the primary stated reason for the separation of powers. 4. Option B: While higher judicial posts were reserved for Europeans, the reason for separating powers wasn't explicitly based on assigning roles based on race in this manner. 5. Option C: Lord Cornwallis was indeed concerned about the concentration of power (executive and judicial) in one person (District Collector), believing it could lead to abuse, aligning with the principle of separation of powers. This is a plausible reason. 6. Option D: This option suggests the judicial work demanded specialized knowledge and training in law, which the revenue-focused Collector might lack. Cornwallis aimed to professionalize the judiciary by creating separate District Judges (Diwani Adalat) who would possess this legal expertise, leaving the Collector to focus on revenue. (Note: Both C and D represent aspects of Cornwallis's reasoning. The answer key selects D. This emphasizes the professionalization aspect of the judiciary). 7. Adhering to the key 'd', the main reason was the need for specialized legal knowledge for judicial roles, which the Collector, primarily a revenue official, was not expected to possess.