At which one of the following positions shown in the diagram will the height of the ocean tide be maximum?
A
M1
B
M2
C
M3
D
M4
Correct Answer: Option D
Explanation
1. The question asks at which position of the Moon (M1, M2, M3, M4) relative to the Earth (E) and Sun (S) the height of the ocean tide will be maximum.
2. Maximum tidal heights, known as Spring Tides, occur when the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon align, reinforcing each other.
3. This alignment happens during the New Moon and Full Moon phases.
4. In the diagram:
- M1 represents the Full Moon (Earth is between the Sun and Moon). Sun and Moon pull in opposite directions, but their effects add up to create high tides.
- M3 represents the New Moon (Moon is between the Earth and Sun). Sun and Moon pull in the same direction, and their combined force creates high tides.
- M2 and M4 represent the Quarter Moons (Moon is at a right angle relative to the Earth-Sun line). The gravitational pulls of the Sun and Moon partially cancel each other, resulting in lower high tides (Neap Tides).
5. Both M1 (Full Moon) and M3 (New Moon) positions result in Spring Tides (maximum tidal height). Since M1 is one of the options, it represents a position of maximum tidal height.
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