Assertion (A): The Battle of Khanua was certainly more decisive and significant than the First Battle of Panipat. Reason (R): Rana Sanga, the Rajput hero, was certainly a more formidable adversary than Ibrahim Lodi.

1. Assertion (A): The Battle of Khanwa (1527) between Babur and Rana Sanga was indeed highly decisive. While the First Battle of Panipat (1526) established Mughal presence by defeating the Delhi Sultanate (Ibrahim Lodi), Khanwa crushed the formidable Rajput confederacy, removing the most serious challenge to Mughal consolidation in North India. Its impact on securing Mughal rule was arguably more significant than Panipat. (True) 2. Reason (R): Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar, had united several Rajput clans and was a renowned warrior. His military power and political influence posed a much greater threat to Babur than Ibrahim Lodi, whose Sultanate was already weakened. Rana Sanga was a more formidable adversary. (True) 3. The formidable nature of Rana Sanga's challenge (R) directly explains why the victory over him at Khanwa (A) was so decisive and significant for Babur's establishment of Mughal power. Therefore, R is the correct explanation of A.