UPSC Mains General Studies Paper 1 — Theme-wise PYQs

1.Discuss the salient features of the Harappan Architecture

2.The French Revolution has enduring relevance to the contemporary world. Explain.

3.Discuss how the changes in shape and sizes of continents and ocean basins of the planet take place due to tectonic movements of the crustal masses.

4.Trace India’s consolidation process during early phase of independence in terms of polity, economy, education and international relations.

5.The ethos of civil service in India stands for the combination of professionalism with nationalistic consciousness – Elucidate.

6.Give Geographical explanation of the distribution of off shore oil reserves of the world. How are they different from the on shore occurances of oil reserves ?

7.Do you think that Globalisation results in only an aggressive consumer culture? Justify your answer.

8.How does smart city in India, address the issues of urban poverty and distributive justice ?

9.Mahatma Jyotirao Phule’s writings and efforts of social reforms touched issues of almost all subaltern classes. Discuss

10.How can Artificial Intelligence and drones be effectively used along with GIS and RS techniques in locational and areal planning ?

11.Discuss the distribution and density of population in the Ganga River Basin with special reference to land, soil and water resources.

12.How do you account for the growing fast food industries given that there are increased health concerns in modern society ? Illustrate your answer with Indian experience.

13.What are non-farm primary activities ? How are these activities related to the physiographic features in India ? Discuss with examples.

14.How are climate change and sea level rise affecting the very existence of many island nations ? Discuss with examples.

15.Does tribal development in India centre around two axes, those of displacement and of rehabilitation ? Give your opinion.

16.What are tsunamis ? How and where are they formed ? What are their consequences ? Explain with examples.

17.The sculptors filled the Chandella Art Form with resilient vigor and breadth of life’. Elucidate.

18.Achieving sustainable growth with emphasis on environmental protection could come into conflict with poor people’s needs in a country like India – Comment.

19.Explain briefly the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy generation in India with suitable examples.

1.What is Sea surface temperature rise ? How does it affect formation of tropical cyclones?

2.What were the events that led to Quit India movement? Point out its results.

3.Globalization has increased urban migration by skilled, young, unmarried women from various classes. How has this trend impacted upon their personal freedom and relationship with family?

4.Distinguish between gender equality, gender equity and women’s empowerment. Why is it important to take gender concerns into account in programme design and implementation?

5.How far was the industrial revolution in England responsible for decline of handicrafts and cottage industries in India?

6.How far is it correct to say that the first world war was fought essentially for the preservation of balance of power.

7.“Though the great Cholas are no more yet their name is still remembered with great pride because of their highest achievements in the domain of art and architecture.” Comment.

8.In dealing with socio-economic issues of development, what kind of collaboration between government, NGOs and private sector would be most productive?

9.The groundwater potential of the Gangetic valley is under serious decline. How it may affect the food security of India?

10.What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in the area around Gulf of Mexico?

11.What is the concept of a ‘demographic Winter’? Is the world moving towards such a situation? Elaborate

12.Critically analyse the proposition that there is a high correlation between India’s cultural diversities and socio- economic marginalities.

13.Estimate the contribution of Pallavas of Kanchi for the development of art and literature of South India.

14.Despite comprehensive policies for equity and social justice, underprivileged sections are not yet getting the full benefits of affirmative action envisaged by the Constitution. Comment

15.Why do large cities tend to attract more migrants than smaller towns? Discuss in the light of conditions in developing countries.

16.Intercaste marriages between castes which have socio- economic parity have increased, to some extent, but this is less true of interreligious marriages. Discuss.

17.What are Aurora Australis and Aurora Borealis? How are these triggered ?

18.What is regional disparity? How does it differ from diversity? How serious is the issue of regional disparity in India?

1.Discuss the consequences of climate change on the food security in tropical countries.

2.From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons.

3.Explain the role of geographical factors towards the development of Ancient India.

4.How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?

5.Why is the South-West Monsoon called 'Purvaiya' (easterly) in Bhojpur Region? How has this directional seasonal wind system influenced the cultural ethos of the region?

6.What were the major technological changes introduced during the Sultanate period? How did those technological changes influence the Indian society?

7.Bring out the socio-economic effects of the introduction of railways in different countries of the world.

8.What was the difference between Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore in their approach towards education and nationalism?

9.Discuss the impact of post-liberal economy on ethnic identity and communalism.

10.Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?

11.How did the colonial rule affect the tribals in India and what was the tribal response to the colonial oppression?

12.Underline the changes in field of society and economy from the Rig Vedic period to later Vedic Period?

13.Explain why suicide among young women is increasing in Indian society.

14.Do you think marriage as a sacrament is losing its value in Modern India?

15.Comment on the resource potentials of the long coastline of India and highlight the status of natural hazard preparedness in these areas.

16.Why did human development fail to keep pace with economic development in India?

17.Child cuddling is now being replaced by mobile phones. Discuss its impact on the socialization of children.

18.Identify and discuss the factors responsible for diversity of natural vegetation in India. Assess the significance of wildlife sanctuaries in rain forest regions of India.

19.Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises?

20.Why is caste identity in India both fluid and static?

1.Mention the significance of straits and isthmus in international trade. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

2.Troposphere is a very significant atmosphere layer that determines weather processes. How?

3.What are the forces that influence ocean currents? Describe their role in the fishing industry of the world.

4.Discuss the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for cyclone prone areas given by India Meteorological Department. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

5.Describe the characteristics and type of primary rocks. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

6.Discuss the natural resource potential of ‘Deccan trap’. (Answer in 150 words) 10 marks

7.Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources with special reference to India. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

8.Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons.

9.Why did the armies of the British East India Company - mostly comprising of Indian soldiers - win consistently against the more numerous and better equipped armies of the then Indian rulers ? Give reasons.

10.What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?

11.Analyse the salience of ‘sect’ in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region and religion.

12.How will you explain that medieval Indian temple sculptures represent the social life of those days?

13.Are tolerance, assimilation and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism? Justify your answer.

14.Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread.

15.Explore and evaluate the impact of ‘Work From Home’ on family relationships. (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

16.The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 250 words) 15 mark

17.Describing the distribution of rubber-producing countries indicate the major environmental issues faced by them. (Answer in 250 words)

18.Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period and Chola period to Indian heritage and culture.

19.Given the diversities among tribal communities in India in which specific context should they be considered as a single category? (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

20.How is the growth of Tier 2 cities related to the rise of a new middle class with an emphasis on the culture of consumption? (Answer in 150 words) 10 mark

21.Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art, and architecture.

1.To what extinct did the role of moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? comment

2.Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States.

3.Why is India considered as a sub-continent? Elaborate your answer.

4.Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non- Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.

5.“There arose a serious challenge to the democratic state system between the two world wars”. Evaluate the statement.

6.Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples.

7.What is the phenomenon of cloud bursts? Explain

8.What is Cryptocurrency? How does it affect global society? Has it been affecting Indian society also?

9.Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and the Western Ghats. (Answer in 150 words) 10

10.Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements with special reference to Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj.

11.Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment.

12.Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural systems.

13.Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in percentage. Discuss

14.How does Indian society maintain continuity in traditional social values? Enumerate the changes taking place in it.

15.What are the environmental implications of the reclamation of the water bodies into urban land use? Explain with examples

16.Evaluate the nature of the Bhakti Movement and its contribution to Indian culture.

17.What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India?

18.Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India.

19.Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of mineral oil in the world.

20.Discuss the main objectives of Population Education and point out the measures to achieve them in India in detail.

1.Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw material, by giving examples.

2.Evaluate the policies of Lord Curzon and their long-term implications on the national movement.

3.Since the decade of the 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideological strands and thereby expanded its social base. Discuss.

4.Discuss the geophysical characteristics of Circum-Pacific Zone. (Answer in 150 words)

5.How will the melting of Himalayan glaciers have a far- reaching impact on the water resources of India? (Answer in 150 words

6.Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer.

7.The process of desertification does not have climatic boundaries. Justify with examples. (Answer in 150 words)

8.The interlinking of rivers can provide viable solutions to the multi-dimensional inter-related problems of droughts, floods and interrupted navigation. Critically examine.

9.Do you agree that regionalism in India appears to be a consequence of rising cultural assertiveness? Argue.

10.How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human activities on the Earth? Explain

11.Customs and traditions suppress reason leading to obscurantism. Do you agree?

12.How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the education system in the country? Elaborate your answer.

13.Has caste lost its relevance in understanding the multi- cultural Indian Society? Elaborate your answer with illustrations.

14.The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss.

15.Examine the status of forest resources of India and its resultant impact on climate change. (Answer in 250 words)

16.The Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate.

17.COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment.

18.Indian Philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss.

19.Persian literary sources of medieval India reflect the spirit of the age. Comment.

1.Discuss the factors for localisation of agro-based food processing industries of North-West India

2.How do ocean currents and water masses differ in their impacts on marine life and coastal environment?

3.How can the mountain ecosystem be restored from the negative impact of development initiatives and tourism?

4.Can the strategy of regional-resource based manufacturing help in promoting employment in India?

5.Explain how the foundations of the modern world were laid by the American and French revolution.

6.Many voices had strengthened and enriched the nationalist movement during the Gandhian phase. Elaborate.

7.Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology.

8.Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss.

9.Assess the role of British imperial power in complicating the process of transfer of power during the 1940s.

10.The 1857 Uprising was the culmination the recurrent big and small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding hundred years of British rule. Elucidate.

11.Account for the huge flooding of million cities in India including the smart ones like Hyderabad and Pune. Suggest lasting remedial measures.

12.Examine the linkages between the nineteenth century's "Indian Renaissance" and the emergence of national identity.

13.What are the challenges to our cultural practices in the name of secularism?

14.Do we have cultural pockets of small India all over the nation? Elaborate with examples.

15.What is water stress? How and why does it differ regionally in India?

16.“Empowering women is the key to control population growth.” Discuss.

17.How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development in India?

18.Highlight the Central Asian and Greco-Bactrian elements in Gandhara art.

19.How is efficient and affordable urban mass transport key to the rapid economic development in India?

20.What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space?

1.Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Arctic region?

2.Assess the importance of the accounts of the Chinese and Arab Travellers in the reconstruction of the history of India.

3.What are the consequences of spreading of ‘Dead Zones’ on marine ecosystems?

4.Why is Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) needed? How does it help in navigation?

5.What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics.

6.Discuss whether formation of new states in recent times is beneficial or not for the economy of India.

7.‘Globalisation is generally said to promote cultural homogenisation but due to these cultural specificities appear to be strengthened in the Indian society.’ Elucidate.

8.Assess the impact of global warming on the coral life system with examples

9.Throw light on the significance of thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi in the present times.

10.How the Indian concept of secularism different from the western model of secularism? Discuss.

11.Why indentured labour was taken by British from India to other colonies? Have they been able to preserve their cultural identity over there?

12.“Caste system is assuming new identities and associational forms. Hence, caste system cannot be eradicated in India.” Comment.

13.Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India and explain the nature of convergence, collaboration and competition for its success.

14.‘Communalism arises either due to power struggle or relative deprivation.’ Argue by giving suitable illustrations.

15.“The ideal solution of depleting ground water resources in India is water harvesting system”. How can it be made effective in urban areas?

16.Defining blue revolution, explain the problems and strategies for pisciculture development in India

17.The Bhakti literature received a remarkable re-orientation with the advent of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu. Discuss

18.Safeguarding the Indian Art Heritage is the need of the moment. Discuss.

19.‘Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the government in India, poverty is still existing’. Explain by giving reasons.

20.‘Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata.’ Substantiate your view.

1.Mention the advantages of the cultivation of pulses because of which the year 2016 was declared as the International Year of Pulses by United Nations.

2.What characteristics can be assigned to monsoon climate that succeeds in feeding more than 50 percent of the world population residing in Monsoon Asia?

3.Account for variations in oceanic salinity and discuss its multidimensional effects

4.Petroleum refineries are not necessarily located nearer to crude oil producing areas, particularly in many of the developing countries. Explain its implications.

5.What problems were germane to the decolonization process of Malay Peninsula.

6.How does the Juno Mission of NASA help to understand the origin and evolution of the Earth?

7.Why did the 'Moderates fail to carry conviction with the nation about their proclaimed ideology and political goals by the end of the nineteenth century?

8.Highlight the importance of new objective that got added to the vision of Indian independence since the twenties of the last century.

9.Define mantle plume and explain its role in plate tectonics.

10.The women's questions arose in modern India as a part of the 19th century social reform movement. What are the maior issues and debates concerning women in that period?

11.In the context of the diversity of India, can it be said that the regions form cultural units rather than the States? Give reasons with examples for your view point.

12.Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity?

13.Distinguish between religiousness/religiosity and communalism giving one example of how the former has got transformed into the latter in independent India.

14.What are the two major legal initiatives by the State since Independence addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes(STs)?

15.Examine how the decline of the traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy.

16.The spirit of tolerance and love is not only an interesting feature of Indian society from very early times, but it is also playing an important part at the present. Elaborate.

17.“Inspite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development”. Discuss

18.In what way can flood be converted into a sustainable source of irrigation and all-weather inland navigation in India?

19.How do you justify the view that the level of excellence of the Gupta numismatic art is not at all noticeable in later times?

20.In spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development.” Discuss.

21.“The growth of cities as I.T. hubs has opened up new avenues of employment, but has also created new problems”. Substantiate this statement with examples

1.South China Sea has assumed great geopolitical significance in the present context. Comment.

2.Discuss the concept of air mass and explain its role in macro-climatic changes.

3.Present an account of the Indus Water Treaty and examine its ecological, economic and political implications in the context of changing bilateral relations.

4.The anti-colonial struggles in West Africa were led by the new elite of Western-educated Africans. Examine.

5.To what extent globalisation has influenced the core of cultural diversity in India? Explain.

6.Discuss the role of women in the freedom struggle especially during the Gandhian phase.

7.How does the cryosphere affect global climate?

8.“The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides.” Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation.

9.What is the basis of regionalism? Is it that unequal distribution of benefits of development on regional basis eventually promotes regionalism? Substantiate your answer.

10.Explain how the upraising of 1857 constitutes an important watershed in the evolution of British policies towards colonial India.

11.Why are the tribals in India referred to as ‘the Scheduled Tribes’? Indicate the major provisions enshrined in the Constitution of India for their upliftment.

12.Has the formation of linguistic states strengthened the cause of Indian unity

13.Highlight the difference in the approach of Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.

14.Early Buddhist Stupa-art, while depicting folk motifs and narratives successfully expounds Buddhist ideals. Elucidate.

15.Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss.

16.The effective management of land and water resources will drastically reduce the human miseries. Explain

17.“An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from the process of deprivation.” Substantiate this statement with suitable examples.

18.With a brief background of quality of urban life in India, introduce the objectives and strategy of the ‘Smart City Programme.”

19.Enumerate the problems and prospects of inland water transport in India.

20.In what way micro-watershed development projects help in water conservation in drought-prone and semi-arid regions of India?

1.What are the economic significances of the discovery of oil in the Arctic Sea and its possible environmental consequences?

2.Explain the factors responsible for the origin of ocean currents? How do they influence regional climates, fishing, and navigation?

3.The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand reaching the limits of their ecological carrying capacity due to tourism. Critically evaluate.

4.To what extent can Germany be held responsible for causing the two World Wars? Discuss critically

5.Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata are the three megacities of the country but air pollution is a much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so?

6.Why did the industrial revolution first occur in England? Discuss the quality of life of the people there during the industrialization. How does it compare with that in India at present?

7.How far do you agree that the behaviour of the Indian monsoon has been changing due to humanizing landscapes? Discuss.

8.Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India?

9.How different would have been the achievement of Indian independence without Mahatma Gandhi? Discuss.

10.Describe any four cultural elements of diversity in India and rate their relative significance in building a national identity.

11.How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes?

12.Debate the issue whether and how contemporary movements for assertion of Dalit identity work towards annihilation of caste.

13.Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, despite having divergent approaches and strategies, had a common goal of amelioration of the downtrodden. Elucidate.

14.It would have been difficult for the Constituent Assembly to complete its historic task of drafting the Constitution for Independent India in just three years but for the experience gained with the Government of India Act, 1935. Discuss.

15.The ancient civilization in the Indian sub-continent differed from those of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Greece in that its culture and traditions have been preserved without a breakdown to the present day. Comment.

16.Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the mains cause of population increase in India.

17.Mesolithic rock-cut architecture of India not only reflects the cultural life of the times but also has a fine aesthetic sense comparable to modern painting. Critically evaluate this comment.

18.Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata are the three Mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much more serious problem in Delhi as compared to the other two. Why is this so?

19.India is well endowed with freshwater resources. Critically examine why it still suffers from water scarcity.

20.Smart cities in India cannot sustain without smart villages. Discuss this statement in the backdrop of rural urban integration.

21.Discuss the changes in the trends of labour migration within and outside India in the last four decades.

1.Why did the Green Revolution in India virtually bypass the eastern region despite fertile soil and good availability of water?

2.Whereas the British planters had developed tea gardens all along the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas from Assam to Himachal Pradesh, in effect they did not succeed beyond the Darjeeling area. Explain.

3.Taxila university was one of the oldest universities in the world which was associated with a number of renowned learned personalities of different disciplines. Its strategic location caused its fame to flourish, but unlike Nalanda, it is not considered a university in the modern sense. Discuss.

4.Most of the unusual climatic happenings are explained as an outcome of the El-Nino effect. Do you agree?

5.How does India see its place in the economic space of rising natural resource rich Africa?

6.Account for the change in the spatial pattern of the Iron and Steel industry in the world.

7.Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans which can be harnessed to meet the resource crisis in the world.

8.Why are the world's fold mountain systems located along the margins of continents? Bring out the association between the global distribution of fold mountains and earthquakes and volcanoes.

9.Explain the formation of thousands of islands in the Indonesian and Philippines archipelagos.

10.The New Economic Policy – 1921 of Lenin had influenced the policies adopted by India soon after independence. Evaluate.

11.Bring out the relationship between the shrinking Himalayan glaciers and the symptoms of climate change in the Indian sub-continent.

12.In what ways did the naval mutiny prove to be the last nail in the coffin of British colonial aspirations in India?

13.What were the events that led to the Suez Crisis in 1956? How did it deal a final blow to Britain’s self-image as a world power?

14.What were the major political, economic and social developments in the world which motivated the anti-colonial struggle in India?

15.Major cities of India are becoming vulnerable to flood conditions. Discuss.

16.Tropical cyclones are largely confined to the south China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the Gulf of Mexico. Why?

17.The life cycle of a joint family depends on economic factors rather than social values. Discuss.

18.The third battle of Panipat was fought in 1761. Why were so many empire- shaking battles fought at Panipat?

19.Examine critically the various facets of economic policies of the British in India from mid-eighteenth century till independence.

20.To what extent has the urban planning and culture of the Indus Valley Civilization provided inputs to present-day urbanization? Discuss.

21.Gandhara’s sculpture owed as much to the Romans as to the Greeks. Explain.

22.Sufis and medieval mystic saints failed to modify either the religious ideas and practices or the outward structure of Hindu/Muslim societies to any appreciable extent. Comment.

23.How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle class working woman in India?

24.Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for women? Give your arguments.

25.Discuss the various economic and socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing feminization of agriculture in India.

1.Critically discuss the objectives of Bhoodan and Gramdan Movements initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave and their success.

2.Write a critical note on the evolution and significance of the slogan "Jai Jawana Jai Kisan".

3.Analyze the circumstances that led to Tashkent Agreement in 1966. Discuss the highlights of the agreement.

4.Critically examine the compulsions which prompted India to play a decisive roles in the emergence of Bangladesh.

5.(a) Bring out the causes for the formation of heat islands in the urban habitat of the world. (b) What do you understand by the phenomenon of 'temperature inversion' in meteorology? How does it affect the weather and the inhabitants of the place?

6.Major hot deserts in the northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 deg N latitudes and on the western side of the continents. Why?

7.(a) Do you agree that there is a growing trend of opening new sugar mills in the southern States of India? Discuss with justification. (b) Analyze the factors for the highly decentralized cotton textile industry in India.

8.(a)What do you understand by the theory of 'continental drift? Discuss the prominent evidences in its support. (b) The recent cyclone on the east coast of India was called 'Phailin' How are tropical cyclones named across the world? Elaborate.

9.(a) Bring out the causes for the more frequent occurrence of landslide in the Himalayas than in the Western Ghats. (b) There is no formation of deltas by rivers of the Western Ghats. Why?

10.Critically examine the effects of globalization on the aged population in India.

11.What policy instruments were deployed to contain the great economic depression?

12.Defying the barriers of age, gender, and religion, the Indian women became the torch-bearer during the struggle for freedom in India. Discuss.

13.American Revolution was an economic revolt against mercantilism. Substantiate.

14.Africa was chopped into states artificially created by accident of European competition. Analyse.

15.“Latecomer” Industrial revolution in Japan involved certain factors that were markedly different from what west had experience.

16.Growing feeling of regionalism is an important factor in the generation of demand for a separate state. Discuss.

17.Several foreigners made India their homeland and participated in various movements. Analyze their role in the Indian struggle for freedom.

18."In many ways, Lord Dalhousie was the founder of modern India" Elaborate.

19.With the growing scarcity of fossil fuels, atomic energy is gaining more and more significance in India. Discuss the availability of raw materials required for the generation of atomic energy in India and in the world.

20.Discuss the contribution of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad to pre-and post- independent India.

21.It is said that India has substantial reserves of shale oil and gas, which can feed the needs of the country for quarter- century. However, tapping of the resource does not appear to be high on the agenda. Discuss critically the availability and issues involved.

22.Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment.

23.Discuss the Tandava dance as recorded in the early Indian inscriptions.

24.Chola architecture represents a high watermark in the evolution of temple architecture. Discuss.

25.Discuss the various social problems which originated out of the speedy process of urbanization in India.

26.Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women’s organization free from gender bias. Comment.