With regard to the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which one of the following statements is not correct?
A
The chances of transmission from female to male are twice as likely as from male to female
B
The chances of transmission are more if a person suffers from other sexually transmitted infections
C
An infected mother can transmit the infection to her baby during pregnancy, at childbirth and by breast feeding
D
The risk of contracting infection. from transfusion of infected blood is much higher than an exposure to contaminated needle
Correct Answer: Option A
Explanation
1. The question asks which statement regarding the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is *not* correct.
2. Statement (A): Claims the chances of transmission from female to male are twice as likely as from male to female. Generally, receptive vaginal or anal intercourse carries a higher risk per act than insertive intercourse. Studies indicate that the transmission risk is typically higher from male to female than from female to male during vaginal intercourse. Thus, this statement is *not* correct.
3. Statement (B): Claims the chances of transmission are more if a person suffers from other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STIs can cause inflammation or sores in the genital area, making it easier for HIV to enter the bloodstream. This statement is correct.
4. Statement (C): Claims an infected mother can transmit the infection to her baby during pregnancy, at childbirth and by breast feeding. This is known as vertical transmission or mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and it can occur during all three stages mentioned. This statement is correct.
5. Statement (D): Claims the risk of contracting infection from transfusion of infected blood is much higher than an exposure to contaminated needle. Transfusion of infected blood carries a very high risk (close to 90-100%) of transmission per event. While sharing contaminated needles also carries a significant risk, it is generally lower per event than receiving a transfusion of infected blood. This statement is correct.
6. Since statement (A) incorrectly describes the relative transmission risk between genders, it is the statement that is *not* correct.