With reference to soil conservation, consider the following practices : 1. Crop rotation 2. Sand fences 3. Terracing 4. Wind breaks Which of the above are considered appropriate methods for soil conserva- tion in India?

1. The question asks which practices are considered appropriate methods for soil conservation in India. 2. Statement 1: Crop rotation involves growing different crops in sequence on the same land. It helps maintain soil fertility, structure, and reduces soil erosion by providing continuous ground cover and improving soil health. It is a widely accepted method for soil conservation. 3. Statement 2: Sand fences are barriers erected in arid and coastal areas to slow down wind speed and trap blowing sand, thus preventing wind erosion and dune migration. This is an appropriate method, particularly in sandy regions of India like Rajasthan or coastal areas. 4. Statement 3: Terracing involves creating level steps or platforms on hill slopes. This practice reduces the slope gradient, slows down surface runoff, and prevents water erosion. It is extensively used for soil conservation in hilly and mountainous regions of India. 5. Statement 4: Wind breaks (or shelterbelts) are rows of trees or shrubs planted to reduce wind speed across fields, thereby reducing wind erosion and protecting crops. This is an effective soil conservation method in areas prone to strong winds. 6. All four practices – Crop rotation, Sand fences, Terracing, and Wind breaks – are recognized and used as appropriate methods for soil conservation in different contexts within India. Therefore, option (D) is correct.