With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements:
1. The first Mongol invasion of India happened during the reign of Jalal-ud-din Khalji.
2. During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, one Mongol assault marched up to Delhi and besieged the city.
3. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq temporarily lost portions of north-west of his kingdom to Mongols.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation
1. Statement 1: The first significant Mongol invasion threat to India occurred during the reign of Iltutmish (Slave Dynasty) when Genghis Khan reached the Indus. While minor incursions might have happened later, the statement that the *first* invasion happened during Jalal-ud-din Khalji's reign is generally considered incorrect in the context of major invasions impacting the Delhi Sultanate. Thus, statement 1 is incorrect.
2. Statement 2: During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, the Delhi Sultanate faced multiple severe Mongol assaults. Around 1303, a large Mongol force led by Targhi marched up to Delhi and besieged the city for about two months while Ala-ud-din took shelter in the Siri fort. Thus, statement 2 is correct.
3. Statement 3: Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq did face a Mongol invasion led by Tarmashirin. However, historical accounts vary; some suggest Tarmashirin was defeated, while others say he was bought off. There is no clear evidence that Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq temporarily lost portions of the north-west of his kingdom to Mongols in terms of sustained occupation. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect.
4. Since only statement 2 is correct, the correct option is (B).
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