Which one of the following defines extremist ideology during the early phase of Indian freedom movement?
A
Stimulating the production of indigenous articles by giving them preference over imported commodities
B
Obtaining self-government by aggressive means in place of petitions and constitutional ways
C
Providing national education according to the requirements of the country
D
Organising coups against the British empire through military revolt
Correct Answer: Option B
Explanation
1. The question asks to define the extremist ideology during the early phase of the Indian freedom movement.
2. Extremists, unlike the Moderates who relied on petitions and constitutional methods, advocated for more assertive and direct action to achieve Swaraj (self-government).
3. Option (A) represents Swadeshi, which was a tool used but not the defining ideology.
4. Option (C) represents the idea of National Education, also part of the broader nationalist program but not the core extremist ideology.
5. Option (D) suggests military revolt, which was generally associated with revolutionary activities rather than the mainstream Extremist faction of the Congress (Tilak, Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal).
6. Option (B) accurately captures the essence of Extremism: Obtaining self-government by aggressive means in place of the Moderate methods of petitions and constitutional ways.