Which of the following are the reasons for the occurrence of multi-drug resistance in microbial pathogens in India? 1. Genetic predisposition of some people 2. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics to cure diseases 3. Using antibiotics in livestock farming 4. Multiple chronic diseases in some people Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in microbial pathogens occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms to withstand treatment with multiple antimicrobial drugs. 2. Statement 1 is incorrect. Genetic predisposition of people influences their susceptibility to infections or response to treatment, but MDR is a characteristic that evolves within the microbial pathogens themselves, not the human host. 3. Statement 2 is correct. Taking incorrect doses of antibiotics (e.g., incomplete courses, inadequate dosage) can kill susceptible microbes but allow partially resistant ones to survive and multiply, leading to the selection and proliferation of resistant strains. This is a major driver of MDR. 4. Statement 3 is correct. The widespread use of antibiotics in livestock farming, often for growth promotion or mass disease prevention, exposes large bacterial populations to these drugs, promoting the development and spread of resistant strains. These resistant bacteria can potentially be transferred to humans. 5. Statement 4 is incorrect. Having multiple chronic diseases may lead to increased antibiotic exposure and higher risk of acquiring resistant infections, but the chronic diseases themselves do not directly cause the microbes to become resistant. 6. Therefore, statements 2 and 3 are the direct reasons for the occurrence of MDR in microbial pathogens.