What is the use of biochar in farming? 1. Biochar can be used as a part of the growing medium in vertical farming. 2. When biochar is a part of the growing medium, it promotes the growth of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. 3. When biochar is a part of the growing medium, it enables the growing medium to retain water for longer time. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Statement 1 is correct. Biochar, due to its porous nature, water retention capacity, and ability to hold nutrients, can be effectively used as a part of the growing medium in various farming systems, including hydroponics and vertical farming, to improve substrate properties. 2. Statement 2 is correct. The porous structure of biochar provides a favorable habitat (refugia) for soil microbes. When added to a growing medium, it can promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms, including nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, thereby enhancing nutrient cycling. 3. Statement 3 is correct. Biochar has a high surface area and porosity, which significantly increases the water-holding capacity of the soil or growing medium it is added to. This enables the medium to retain water for a longer time, reducing water stress for plants and potentially decreasing irrigation needs. 4. Therefore, all three statements regarding the use of biochar in farming are correct.