What are the reasons for the people's resistance to the introduction of Bt brinjal in India? 1. Bt brinjal has been created by inserting a gene from a soil fungus into its genome. 2. The seeds of Bt brinjal are terminator seeds and therefore, the farmers have to buy the seeds before every season from the seed companies. 3. There is an apprehension that the consumption of Bt brinjal may have adverse impact on health. 4. There is some concern that the introduction of Bt brinjal may have adverse effect on the biodiversity. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

1. Statement 1 is incorrect. Bt brinjal was created by inserting a gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), not a soil fungus. This gene produces a protein toxic to certain insect pests, particularly the Brinjal Fruit and Shoot Borer. 2. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the issue of terminator seeds (which produce sterile offspring) is a broader concern related to GM crops and corporate control, the specific Bt brinjal developed for India (by Mahyco in collaboration with Monsanto) did not incorporate terminator technology. Farmers could theoretically save and reuse the seeds, although hybrid vigour might decrease. The primary concern was not terminator technology itself in this case. 3. Statement 3 is correct. One of the major reasons for widespread resistance was the significant apprehension among scientists, activists, and the public about the potential adverse impact on health from long-term consumption of a genetically modified food crop. Concerns were raised about potential toxicity, allergenicity, and the adequacy of safety testing. 4. Statement 4 is correct. There were significant concerns that the large-scale introduction of Bt brinjal could have an adverse effect on biodiversity. This included potential harm to non-target beneficial insects, the possibility of gene flow to wild relatives of brinjal (of which India is a centre of diversity), and the impact on traditional brinjal varieties.