What are the possible limitations of India in mitigating the global warming at present and in the immediate future? 1. Appropriate alternate technologies are not sufficiently available. 2. India cannot invest huge funds in research and development. 3. Many developed countries have already set up their polluting industries in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The question asks about the possible limitations of India in mitigating global warming currently and in the near future. 2. Statement 1: Asserts that appropriate alternate technologies are not sufficiently available. While India is rapidly adopting renewable energy and other mitigation technologies, the scale required, technological maturity for certain sectors (like industrial decarbonization, large-scale storage), and accessibility/affordability challenges mean that readily available, cost-effective alternatives are not yet sufficient across the entire economy. This statement can be considered a valid limitation. 3. Statement 2: Claims India cannot invest huge funds in research and development. As a developing country with competing developmental priorities (poverty alleviation, health, education), India faces financial constraints in allocating the massive investments needed for cutting-edge climate technology R&D compared to wealthier nations, although significant efforts are being made. This statement reflects a real limitation. 4. Statement 3: Claims many developed countries have already set up their polluting industries in India. While globalization has led to shifts in industrial production, blaming India's mitigation limitations primarily on industries set up by developed countries ('pollution havens' argument) is an oversimplification and often contested. India's industrial emissions stem from both domestic and international activities, and the primary limitation is the development pathway itself. This statement is debatable and likely not considered a core limitation in the way the first two are. 5. Therefore, statements 1 and 2 represent significant and widely acknowledged limitations for India in climate change mitigation.