That the per capita income in India was Rs. 20 in 1867-68, was ascertained for the first time by

1. The question asks who first ascertained the per capita income in India to be Rs. 20 in the year 1867-68. 2. Dadabhai Naoroji, known as the 'Grand Old Man of India', was a pioneer in estimating India's national income during the British colonial era. 3. In his seminal work "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India", he calculated the per capita income for 1867-68 and arrived at the figure of Rs. 20. 4. While others like M. G. Ranade and R. C. Dutta also made significant contributions to analyzing the Indian economy under British rule, this specific estimate is attributed to Dadabhai Naoroji.