GS PrelimsEnvironmentDeforestation and Desertification1995

“Monoculture of commercially viable trees is destroying the unique natural profile of .........Thoughtless exploitation of timber, deforesting vast tracts for palm cultivation, destruction of mangroves, illegal logging by tribals and poaching only compound the problem. Fresh water pockets are fast drying up due to deforestation and destruction of mangroves.” The place referred to in this quotation is

A

Sundarbans

B

Kerala Coast

C

Orissa Coast

D

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation

1. The quotation describes environmental degradation: monoculture destroying natural profile, exploitation of timber, deforesting for palm cultivation, destruction of mangroves, illegal logging, poaching, and drying up of fresh water pockets. 2. Let's evaluate the options: - (A) Sundarbans: Known for mangroves, tigers (poaching risk), and resource exploitation issues. Faces threats but large-scale palm cultivation might not be the primary issue compared to others mentioned. - (B) Kerala Coast: Has mangroves (though reduced), faces deforestation issues, and pressure on water resources, but large-scale palm oil deforestation might be more characteristic elsewhere. - (C) Orissa Coast: Has significant mangroves (Bhitarkanika), faces pressures from logging and development, but extensive palm cultivation might not be the defining issue. - (D) Andaman and Nicobar Islands: These islands have unique biodiversity, tropical rainforests, extensive mangroves, face issues of illegal logging, poaching, deforestation (historically and for settlements/some cultivation like palm oil), and fragility of fresh water pockets (especially on smaller islands). The combination of unique natural profile, timber exploitation, specific mention of palm cultivation deforestation, mangrove destruction, logging, poaching, and freshwater scarcity strongly points towards the ecological vulnerability and exploitation pressures faced by the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

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