In India, why are some nuclear reactors kept under "IAEA Safeguards" while others are not?

1. India has a unique position regarding its nuclear reactors and international oversight due to its status as a nuclear weapons state outside the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). 2. India has voluntarily agreed to place some of its civilian nuclear reactors under IAEA Safeguards as part of international agreements, particularly the India-US Civil Nuclear Agreement and similar pacts with other countries/groups. 3. The key distinction is based on the source of fuel and the reactor's designation. Reactors that use imported uranium or were built with foreign assistance specifically for civilian purposes are generally placed under IAEA Safeguards to ensure that the nuclear material is used only for peaceful purposes. 4. Reactors that use domestic supplies of uranium and are part of India's strategic nuclear program (or certain civilian reactors designated outside safeguards) are not subject to IAEA Safeguards. 5. Option (A) is incorrect; the distinction isn't primarily based on uranium vs. thorium fuel. 6. Option (C) and (D) are incorrect; the operator or ownership status is not the determining factor for applying IAEA Safeguards. 7. Therefore, the reason some reactors are under safeguards while others are not is primarily linked to the use of imported uranium (requiring safeguards) versus domestic supplies (often kept outside safeguards).