Consider the following statements: The most effective contribution made by Dadabhai Naoroji to the cause of Indian National Movement was that he 1. exposed. the economic exploitation of India by the British 2. interpreted the ancient Indian texts and restored the self-confidence of Indians 3. stressed the. need for eradication of all the social evils before anything else Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Statement 1 is correct. Dadabhai Naoroji's most significant and effective contribution to the Indian National Movement was his pioneering work in exposing the economic exploitation of India by the British. Through meticulous research and writings, particularly his famous 'Drain Theory' detailed in his book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India", he demonstrated how British policies were draining wealth from India, contributing to its poverty. This provided a powerful economic critique of colonial rule. 2. Statement 2 is incorrect. While leaders like Swami Vivekananda, Dayananda Saraswati, and others played a significant role in interpreting ancient Indian texts and restoring self-confidence, this was not the primary or most effective contribution of Dadabhai Naoroji, whose focus was mainly political and economic. 3. Statement 3 is incorrect. While Naoroji was concerned with social evils, he did not stress their eradication as a precondition ('before anything else') for political progress. His primary emphasis was on political agitation and achieving self-government to address India's economic and political grievances. The view that social reform must precede political reform was held by some other leaders, but not typically associated with Naoroji's main line of argument in the National Movement.