GS PrelimsScience and TechnologyGeneral Science2000

Consider the following statements: Hard water is not suitable for 1. I. drinking. 2. II. washing clothes with soap. 3. III. use in boilers. 4. IV. irrigating crops. Which of these statements are correct?

A

I and III

B

II and III

C

I, II and IV

D

I, II, III and IV

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation

1. Hard water contains high concentrations of dissolved minerals like calcium and magnesium ions. 2. The question asks for which purposes hard water is not suitable. I. drinking: Generally suitable and may provide beneficial minerals, though taste can be affected. II. washing clothes with soap: Not suitable. Hard water ions react with soap to form scum, reducing lathering and cleaning efficiency. III. use in boilers: Not suitable. Heating causes minerals to precipitate as scale, reducing efficiency and potentially damaging the boiler. IV. irrigating crops: Generally suitable, although very hard water can sometimes cause issues with soil or specific crops over time. 3. Hard water is clearly unsuitable for washing with soap (II) and use in boilers (III).

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