GS PrelimsEnvironmentNational Initiatives for Water Conservation2020

Consider the following statements: 1. 36% of India's districts are classified as "overexploited" or "critical" by the Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA). 2. CGWA was formed under the Environment (Protection) Act. 3. India has the largest area under groundwater irrigation in the world. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A

1 only

B

2 and 3 only

C

2 only

D

1 and 3 only

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation

1. Statement 1 is incorrect. The classification of groundwater assessment units (blocks/mandals/firkas) as 'overexploited' or 'critical' is done by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), not the CGWA. While the percentage varies across assessments, the figure of 36% of India's districts being in these categories combined was likely inaccurate or based on a specific interpretation around 2020; official reports often showed lower percentages for these combined categories at the assessment unit level. 2. Statement 2 is correct. The Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) was constituted under Section 3(3) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, to regulate and control groundwater development and management. 3. Statement 3 is correct. India is the largest user of groundwater in the world, extracting more groundwater than China and the USA combined. A vast majority of this extracted water is used for irrigation, making India have the largest area under groundwater irrigation globally. 4. Therefore, statements 2 and 3 are correct.

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