Consider the following fauna of India: 1. Gharial 2. Leatherback turtle 3. Swamp deer Which of the above is/are endangered?

1. The question asks which of the given fauna of India are endangered. The term 'endangered' often refers to species listed as Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List, or sometimes interpreted more broadly to include threatened species (like Vulnerable - VU) or those listed in high-protection schedules of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. 2. Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) (1): This species has been consistently listed as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List due to drastic population declines. It is found in riverine habitats in India. 3. Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) (2): While its global IUCN status has fluctuated (listed as Critically Endangered until 2013, then downgraded to Vulnerable globally, though many subpopulations remain CR or EN), it faces severe threats, including in Indian waters where it nests (e.g., Andaman and Nicobar Islands). It is listed under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Given its threatened status globally and high protection level in India, it fits the context. 4. Swamp deer (Rucervus duvaucelii, also known as Barasingha) (3): This species is listed as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List. However, it is listed under Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, indicating a high degree of threat and protection requirement in India. Certain subspecies have faced near extinction. UPSC likely considered it under the 'endangered' umbrella due to its vulnerability and high protection status. 5. Considering the IUCN status (CR for Gharial, threatened status for Leatherback) and the high protection status under WPA for all three, along with the potential broad usage of the term 'endangered', all three are considered endangered in the context of this question.