Consider the following: 1. Assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops 2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare 3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English?

1. Statement 1 is incorrect. The assessment of land revenue based on the nature of the soil and the quality of crops was a well-established practice in India long before the arrival of the English. Systems like Todar Mal's bandobast (Ain-i-Dahsala) under Akbar, and even earlier systems under rulers like Sher Shah Suri, involved detailed land measurement and assessment based on fertility and yield. 2. Statement 2 is incorrect. The use of mobile cannons and artillery in warfare in India predates significant English influence. Babur's effective use of artillery was a key factor in his victory at the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. 3. Statement 3 is incorrect. The cultivation of tobacco and red chillies was introduced into India by the Portuguese during the 16th and 17th centuries, not by the English. 4. Since none of the practices listed were introduced into India by the English, the correct answer is (D) None.