At present, scientists can determine the arrangement or relative positions of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome. How does this knowledge benefit us? 1. It is possible to know the pedigree of livestock. 2. It is possible to understand the causes of all human diseases. 3. It is possible to develop disease-resistant animal breeds. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Knowing the arrangement or relative positions of genes or DNA sequences on a chromosome (gene mapping) provides significant benefits. 2. Statement 1 is correct: DNA sequencing and mapping allow for accurate identification of genetic markers and comparison between individuals. This makes it possible to know the parentage and lineage, i.e., the pedigree of livestock, which is crucial for breeding programs. 3. Statement 2 is incorrect: While this knowledge is vital for understanding the genetic basis of many human diseases, it is not possible to understand the causes of *all* human diseases solely through this. Many diseases are complex and influenced by multiple factors including environment and lifestyle, not just gene positions. 4. Statement 3 is correct: By identifying genes associated with disease resistance, it becomes possible to develop improved animal breeds through selective breeding or genetic engineering techniques, aiming for enhanced disease resistance. Therefore, statements 1 and 3 represent valid benefits.