CSATNumber System & SeriesBasic Arithmetic and Odd Even2024

Let p, q, r and s be distinct positive integers. Let p, q be odd and r, s be even. Consider the following statements : 1. (p-r)²(qs) is even. 2. (q-s)q²s is even. 3. (q+r)²(p+s) is odd. Which of the statements given above are correct?

A

1 and 2 only

B

2 and 3 only

C

1 and 3 only

D

1, 2 and 3

Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation

We are given: $p, q$ are Odd; $r, s$ are Even.\n\nLet's check the statements using the 'Even Factor Spotting' logic learned from 2023 questions [18], [70]:\n\n**Statement 1:** $(p-r)^2(qs)$ is even.\n- Look closely at the term $(qs)$. Since $s$ is an Even number, the product $qs$ must be Even.\n- Since one part of the multiplication is Even, the **entire** result is Even.\n- We don't even need to check $(p-r)$.\n- **Statement 1 is Correct.**\n\n**Statement 2:** $(q-s)q^2s$ is even.\n- Just like in Statement 1, we spot the single variable $s$ at the end multiplying the whole expression.\n- Since $s$ is Even, the whole product is automatically Even [67].\n- **Statement 2 is Correct.**\n\n**Statement 3:** $(q+r)^2(p+s)$ is odd.\n- Here we have sums inside brackets. We use the rule: Odd + Even = Odd [15].\n- First bracket $(q+r)$: Odd + Even = **Odd**.\n- Second bracket $(p+s)$: Odd + Even = **Odd**.\n- Now multiply: Odd $\\times$ Odd = **Odd**.\n- **Statement 3 is Correct.**\n\nSince 1, 2, and 3 are all correct, the answer is D.

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