With reference to India, consider the following statements : 1. There is only one citizenship and one domicile. 2. A citizen by birth only can become the Head of State. 3. A foreigner once granted the citizenship cannot be deprived of it under any circumstances. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Statement 1 is correct. India follows the principle of single citizenship, meaning a person is a citizen of India only, not of any particular state within India. Regarding domicile, while it is relevant for certain legal purposes (like state laws, reservations), the Supreme Court has held (e.g., Pradeep Jain vs Union of India) that there is only one domicile in India, i.e., domicile of India. 2. Statement 2 is incorrect. Article 58 of the Constitution lays down the qualifications for the President of India (the Head of State). It requires the person to be a citizen of India but does *not* specify that they must be a citizen by birth. A naturalized citizen is also eligible to become the Head of State. 3. Statement 3 is incorrect. The Citizenship Act, 1955, outlines circumstances under which a person's citizenship (acquired by registration or naturalization) can be deprived by the Central Government. These include obtaining citizenship through fraud, showing disloyalty to the Constitution, or unlawfully trading with an enemy during war. Therefore, a foreigner once granted citizenship is not immune from deprivation under all circumstances. Hence, only statement 1 is correct.