GS PrelimsHistory (Ancient India)Buddhism2013

Which one of the following describes best the concept of Nirvana in Buddhism?

A

The extinction of the flame of desire

B

The complete annihilation of self

C

A state of bliss and rest

D

A mental stage beyond all comprehension

Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation

1. The term Nirvana in Buddhism literally translates to 'blowing out' or 'extinction'. 2. According to Buddhist philosophy, suffering (Dukkha) arises from desire (Tanha), attachment, and aversion. 3. Nirvana represents the ultimate goal, which is the cessation of suffering. This is achieved by eradicating the root causes of suffering. 4. Therefore, the most fundamental description of Nirvana is the 'extinction of the flame of desire' (Tanha), along with hatred and ignorance (the three poisons). This leads to the end of the cycle of rebirth (samsara) and the attainment of liberation. 5. Option (B) is related to the Buddhist concept of Anatta (no-self), but Nirvana is not necessarily described as complete annihilation. 6. Option (C) describes consequences or qualities associated with Nirvana, but not its core defining concept. 7. Option (D) highlights the transcendental nature of Nirvana, but again, (A) provides the most direct and central description based on foundational Buddhist teachings.

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