GS PrelimsEconomyMoney and Money Supply2019

The money multiplier in an economy increases with which one of the following?

A

Increase in the cash reserve ratio

B

Increase in the banking habit of the population

C

Increase in the statutory liquidity ratio

D

Increase in the population of the country

Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation

1. The money multiplier indicates the maximum amount of broad money that can be created by commercial banks for a given unit of central bank money (reserves). 2. The size of the money multiplier is inversely related to reserve requirements (CRR and SLR) and the currency drain (cash held by the public). 3. An increase in the cash reserve ratio (CRR) (Option A) or the statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) (Option C) means banks must hold a larger fraction of their deposits as reserves, reducing the funds available for lending and thus decreasing the money multiplier. 4. An increase in the banking habit of the population (Option B) means people deposit more money into banks and hold less cash. This reduces the currency drain from the banking system, allowing banks to create more credit from the deposited funds, thereby increasing the money multiplier. 5. An increase in the population of the country (Option D) does not directly determine the money multiplier, which depends on behavioral ratios (like deposit habits) and policy ratios (CRR, SLR).

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