Consider the following: 1. Market borrowing 2. Treasury bills 3. Special securities issued to RBI Which of these is/are component(s) of internal debt?

1. Internal debt refers to the portion of a government's total debt that is borrowed from domestic sources (lenders within the country). 2. Market borrowing includes funds raised by the government through the sale of marketable securities like dated government securities (G-secs) and bonds to domestic entities like banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, and individuals. This is a major component of internal debt. 3. Treasury bills (T-bills) are short-term debt instruments (maturity less than one year) issued by the government primarily to manage short-term liquidity needs, sold within the domestic market. These are also a component of internal debt. 4. Special securities issued to RBI or other domestic entities (like for bank recapitalisation, oil bonds, etc.) represent non-marketable liabilities of the government held within the country. These also form a part of the internal debt. 5. Therefore, all three items listed are components of India's internal debt.